DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY SOURCES AND HOUSEHOLD UTILIZATION OF RAINWATER HARVESTING IN DUTSIN-MA TOWN, KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10/3303/jees.2026.0301/033Keywords:
Rainwater harvesting, water supply, climate resilience, rainfall variabilityAbstract
Water scarcity remains a major challenge in semi-arid regions of Nigeria, exacerbated by climate variability and population growth. This study assessed household utilization of rainwater harvesting as a water supply source, examined the major sources of domestic water supply in the study area and investigated the level of awareness and practice of rainwater harvesting in the study area. The study also analyzed 40 years (1985-2024) rainfall data of the study area. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to 311 households. Secondary data (Rainfall) were sourced from NASA POWER data from 1985 to 2024. Descriptive statistics and linear time series were used to analyze the data. Findings revealed that the area receives a mean annual rainfall of 757.99 mm, with an increasing trend of 2.2 mm per annum. The major sources of water in the study area during the rainy season and dry seasons were water vendors (29.9%) and (43.7%), respectively. About 98.9% of the respondents are aware of rainwater harvesting, and 82.6% practice it. Despite this, harvested rainwater is mainly used for non-potable purposes due to concerns about water quality. 48.2% of respondents use harvested rainwater for laundry. The study concludes that RWH has strong potential to improve domestic water supply and enhance climate resilience, but its effectiveness is constrained by inadequate infrastructure and seasonal rainfall variability. The study recommends improved storage systems, policy support, and public awareness to maximize the benefits of RWH.
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